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Docuseries

Beauty & the Bacteria

An Exploration into the World of the Skin Microbiome

Have questions? Email us at [email protected].

References

Episode 1

  1. CITATION: Nutr Clin Care. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2006 Jun 23.

  2. Lilly DM, Stillwell RH (1965). "Probiotics: Growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms". Science. 147 (3659): 747–748.

  3. Lederberg J. "Ome Sweet'Omics--A Genealogical Treasury of Words". The Scientist. 2001

  4. Necrotizing Fasciitis: Acting Fast Is Key | CDC

  5. Std-gov.org/blog/bacterial-diseases/

  6. nature review n crassa - Bing images

  7. The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Press release - NobelPrize.org

  8. Ilya Mechnikov - Biographical - NobelPrize.org

  9. Allhorn, M., Arve, S., Brüggemann, H., & Lood, R. (2016). A novel enzyme with antioxidant capacity produced by the ubiquitous skin colonizer Propionibacterium acnes. Scientific reports, 6, 36412. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36412

Episodes 2 and 3

  1. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Father of Microbiology (thoughtco.com)

  2. jbacter00196-0170.pdf (nih.gov)

  3. GHUYSEN JM, STROMINGER JL. STRUCTURE OF THE CELL WALL OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, STRAIN COPENHAGEN. I. PREPARATION OF FRAGMENTS BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS. Biochemistry. 1963;2:1110-1119. doi:10.1021/bi00905a035

  4. Lecoq H. (2001). Découverte du premier virus, le virus de la mosaïque du tabac: 1892 ou 1898? [Discovery of the first virus, the tobacco mosaic virus: 1892 or 1898?]. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie, 324(10), 929–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(01)01368-3

  5. Linnaeus' System - The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (ansp.org)

  6. Coico R. (2005). Gram staining. Current protocols in microbiology, Appendix 3, .https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471729259.mca03cs00

  7. Osman MA, Neoh HM, Ab Mutalib NS, Chin SF, Jamal R. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Deciphering the Colorectal Cancer Gut Microbiome: Current Protocols and Workflows. Front Microbiol. 2018;9 767. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00767. PMID: 29755427; PMCID: PMC5934490.

  8. https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-how-pcr-works

  9. http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EpiInfectiousDisease/PDFs/EID_lec2_Dick.pdf

  10. http://www.microbiomeinstitute.org/blog/2016/1/20/how-many-bacterial-vs-human-cells-are-in-the-body

  11. Barnard, E., Shi, B., Kang, D. et al. The balance of metagenomic elements shapes the skin microbiome in acne and health. Sci Rep 6, 39491 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39491

  12. Kligman AM: The bacteriology of normal skin, in Skin Bacteria and Their Role in Infection. Edited by HI Maibach, G Hildrich-Smith. New York, McGraw Hill, 1965, pp 13-31

  13. Kao HJ, Wang YH, Keshari S, et al. Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):11980. Published 2021 Jun 7. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91386-x

  14. Fyhrquist N, Muirhead G, Prast-Nielsen S, et al. Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4703. Published 2019 Oct 16. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12253-y

Episode 4

  1. Collado, M., Rautava, S., Aakko, J. et al. Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid. Sci Rep 6, 23129 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23129

  2. Bay L, Barnes CJ, Fritz BG, et al. Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin. mBio. 2020;11(1):e02945-19. Published 2020 Feb 11. doi:10.1128/mBio.02945-19

  3. Osman MA, Neoh HM, Ab Mutalib NS, Chin SF, Jamal R. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Deciphering the Colorectal Cancer Gut Microbiome: Current Protocols and Workflows. Front Microbiol. 2018;9 767. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00767. PMID: 29755427; PMCID: PMC5934490.

  4. Gallo RL. Human Skin Is the Largest Epithelial Surface for Interaction with Microbes. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(6):1213-1214. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.045

  5. Byrd AL, Belkaid Y, Segre JA. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16(3):143-155. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157

  6. Grice EA, Segre JA. The skin microbiome [published correction appears in Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Aug;9(8):626]. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9(4):244-253. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537

  7. Yiyin Erin Chen, Hensin Tsao,The skin microbiome: Current perspectives and future challenges, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,Volume 69, Issue 1,2013,Pages 143-155.e3,ISSN 0190-9622,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2013.01.016.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962213000765)

  8. Eady EA, Farmery MR, Ross JI, Cove JH, Cunliffe WJ. Effects of benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin alone and in combination against antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant skin bacteria from acne patients. Br J Dermatol. 1994;131(3):331-336. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08519.x

Episode 5

  1. Grice EA, Kong HH, Renaud G, et al. A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota. Genome Res. 2008;18(7):1043-1050. doi:10.1101/gr.075549.107

  2. Paetzold B, Willis JR, Pereira de Lima J, et al. Skin microbiome modulation induced by probiotic solutions. Microbiome. 2019;7(1):95. Published 2019 Jun 24. doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0709-3

  3. Luna PC. Skin Microbiome as Years Go By. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(Suppl 1):12-17. doi:10.1007/s4025 Fitz-Gibbon S, Tomida S, Chiu BH, et al. Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(9):2152-2160. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.217-020-00549-5

  4. Fitz-Gibbon S, Tomida S, Chiu BH, et al. Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(9):2152-2160. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.21

  5. Bowe WP, Filip JC, DiRienzo JM, Volgina A, Margolis DJ. Inhibition of propionibacterium acnes by bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Streptococcus salivarius. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5(9):868-870.

  6. Jusuf NK, Putra IB, Sari L. Differences of Microbiomes Found in Non-Inflammatory and Inflammatory Lesions of Acne Vulgaris. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:773-780. Published 2020 Oct 22. doi:10.2147/CCID.S272334

  7. Callewaert C, Ravard Helffer K, Lebaron P. Skin Microbiome and its Interplay with the Environment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(Suppl 1):4-11. doi:10.1007/s40257-020-00551-x

  8. Fournière M, Latire T, Souak D, Feuilloley MGJ, Bedoux G. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes: Two Major Sentinels of Skin Microbiota and the Influence of Cosmetics. Microorganisms. 2020;8(11):1752. Published 2020 Nov 7. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111752

  9. Nakatsuji T, Chiang HI, Jiang SB, Nagarajan H, Zengler K, Gallo RL. The microbiome extends to subepidermal compartments of normal skin. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1431. doi:10.1038/ncomms2441

Episodes 6, 7, and 8

  1. Montalban-Arques, A., De Schryver, P., Bossier, P., Gorkiewicz, G., Mulero, V., Gatlin, D. M., 3rd, & Galindo-Villegas, J. (2015). Selective Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota Improves Immune Status in Vertebrates. Frontiers in Immunology, 6, 512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00512

  2. Contassot, E., & French, L. E. (2018). Propionibacterium acnes Strains Differentially Regulate the Fate of Th17 Responses in the Skin. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 138(2), 251–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.041

  3. Patra, V., Gallais Sérézal, I., & Wolf, P. (2020). Potential of Skin Microbiome, Pro- and/or Pre-Biotics to Affect Local Cutaneous Responses to UV Exposure. Nutrients, 12(6), 1795. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061795

Episodes 9 and 10

  1. Dekio I, McDowell A, Sakamoto M, et al. Proposal of new combination, Cutibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genus Cutibacterium, Cutibacterium acnes subsp. acnes and Cutibacterium acnes subsp. defendens. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2019 Apr;69(4):1087-1092.

  2. Fitz-Gibbon S, Tomida S, Chiu BH, et al. Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(9):2152-2160.

  3. Bek-Thomsen M, Lomholt HB, Kilian M. Acne is not associated with yet-uncultured bacteria. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(10):3355-3360.

  4. Nakamura K, O'Neill AM, Williams MR, et al. Short chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21237.

  5. Caillon F, O'Connell M, Eady EA, et al. Interleukin-10 secretion from CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells is downregulated in patients with acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2010 Feb 1;162(2):296-303.

  6. Agak GW, Kao S, Ouyang K, et al. Phenotype and Antimicrobial Activity of Th17 Cells Induced by Propionibacterium acnes Strains Associated with Healthy and Acne Skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Feb;138(2):316-324.

  7. Valanne S, McDowell A, Ramage G, et al. CAMP factor homologues in Propionibacterium acnes: a new protein family differentially expressed by types I and II. Microbiology (Reading, England). 2005 May;151(Pt 5):1369-1379.

  8. Brüggemann H, Lomholt HB, Tettelin H, Kilian M. CRISPR/cas loci of type II Propionibacterium acnes confer immunity against acquisition of mobile elements present in type I P. acnes. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34171.

  9. Kao HJ, Wang YH, Keshari S, et al. Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 7;11(1):11980.

  10. Filippone A, Lanza M, Campolo M, et al. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sodium Propionate. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 24;21(8):3026.

  11. Allhorn M, Arve S, Brüggemann H, Lood R. A novel enzyme with antioxidant capacity produced by the ubiquitous skin colonizer Propionibacterium acnes. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 2;6:36412.

  12. Claesen J, Spagnolo JB, Ramos SF, et al. A Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic modulates human skin microbiota composition in hair follicles. Sci Transl Med. 2020 Nov 18;12(570):eaay5445.

  13. Barnard E, Johnson T, Ngo T, et al. Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria. mSphere. 2020 Jan 15;5(1):e00793-19. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00793-19.

  14. Johnson T, Kang D, Barnard E, Li H. 2016. Strain-level differences in porphyrin production and regulation in Propionibacterium acnes elucidate disease associations. mSphere 1(1):e00023-15